Deba ibaia (eu)

Deba / Ibaizabal
Nagusia	Itxasora doa
Luzeera	5.130 m
Aldapa	% 0koa (110 m > 75 m)
Eskumako adarrak	Egotza Urruzti Orroaga Keixeta Altun Arkaitzeta Ipintza Iturbe
Ezkerreko adarrak	Joangoerreketa Erlei Sagar-erreka Belakotegi Ibarzabal
Bailara	Debarroa

Soraluze herria, milioika urtetan Deba ibaiak higaduraren ondorioz sortutako bailara estu baten barnean kokatzen da. Bailara malkartsu hau, ibaiak berak eta inguruko mendiek osatzen dute, 600 metrotako sakonera duen zintzur estuan.

Ezaugarri orografikoez gain, Deba ibaia Soraluzeko herriaren erdigunea da zentzu askotan. Herria dagoen tokian eraiki izanaren arrazoi nagusia, ibaia eta ibia izan ziren; Soraluze ez zen sortuko Deba ibairik gabe: alboko lurrak erabili, ibaiaren indarra ustiatu, garraiobideak, arrantza eta aisialdia...

Hiruerreketa zubia sorburuan

Deba ibaia (orokorra)

Deba arroa

Deba ibaia Gipuzkoako ibaia da, Leintz Gatzaga inguruan jaio eta Deban itsasoratzen dena.

Ibaia motza eta malkartsua da, %2,1ko bataz besteko aldaparekin. Itsasorako bere 62,4 kilometrotako bidean Eskoriatza, Aretxabaleta, Arrasate, Bergara, Soraluze, Elgoibar, Mendaro eta Mutrikuko udalerriak zeharkatzen ditu. Arroak 518 km² hartzen du.

Ezkerraldeko ibaiadar nagusiak Aramaio, Angiozar, Aranerreka, Ego (Eibarko ibaiadar nagusia) eta Kilimon (Mendaro) dira. Eskuinaldekoak, aldiz, Oñati, Urkulu eta Antzuola ibaiak.

Ez du oso emari handia, bataz beste 11,85 m³/s, baina urtean zehar aldaketa oso handiak izan daitezke. Esaterako, 1196 eta 2014 artean, gutxieneko emaria 0,95 m³/s izan zen, eta handiena 132,63 m³/s; hau da, 130 aldiz handiagoa. Gainera, ibai motza eta malkartsua izanik aldaketa hauek oso denbora gutxian gerta daizteke.

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  Emari txikia: sikutia

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  Emari arrunta

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  Emari handia: ufala

Garraiobidea

Debarroa betidanik erabili izan da Gaztela eta itsasoa Arabatik lotzeko. Erromatarren garaian, bazegoen bidea Veleia (Gasteizen ondoan) eta Tritium Tiboricum (Astigarribia, Deba ondoan) lotzen zuena.

Ertarotik aurrera Gaztelako artilea ere Debarrotik itsasoratzen zen: Altzolaraino gurdiz eta handik, alatan, Debako porturaino. Eta bide bera erabiltzen zen Soraluzetik Debara fusilak, arkabuzak eta gainontzeko armak eramateko.

XVIII. mendean, Argien mendean zehar, Mediterraneoa eta Atlantikoa Zadorra eta Deba ibaien bidez elkar lotzeko egitasmoa planteatu zen. 1776 eta 1790 artean Frantzisko Xabier Muniberen aginduz zati batzuk egin bazituzten ere, proiektua ez zuten gauzatu ahal izan orografia zailak diru asko eskatzen zuelako.

Kutsadura

XX mendeko bigarren erdialdean Deba ibaia bihurtu zen Europako ibai kutsatueneko bat, kutsatuena ez bazen. Bertako industria izandako garapena alde batetik, eta garai hartako kutsadurarekiko ezaxolatasuna bestetik, egoera tamalgarrian jarri zuten ibaia. Soraluze ez zen salbuespena: Bergara aldetik zetorkion kutsadura jasatzeaz gain, bertako lantegiek kutsadura gehiago eransten zion ibaiari.

1980 hamarkadatik aurrera egoera bideratzen ari da: herrietako ur-araztaileak, lantegietakoak… Hala ere, oraindik asko geratzen da ibaia lehengoratzeko.

Kokapena

(Ibai edo erreka baten izena ezagutzeko, gainean sakatu)

Mapa kargatzen...

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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Erlei_erreka_(eu)\" title=\"Erlei erreka (eu)\"\u003EErlei erreka\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/b\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(Erlaegi)\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Erlei erreka\n","link":"","strokeColor":"DodgerBlue","strokeOpacity":"1","strokeWeight":"3","pos":[{"lat":43.172531,"lon":-2.41141},{"lat":43.172097,"lon":-2.411759},{"lat":43.171866,"lon":-2.412075},{"lat":43.171541,"lon":-2.412574},{"lat":43.171338,"lon":-2.412746},{"lat":43.171181,"lon":-2.412928},{"lat":43.171041,"lon":-2.412993},{"lat":43.170493,"lon":-2.412971},{"lat":43.170145,"lon":-2.413036},{"lat":43.169832,"lon":-2.413261},{"lat":43.169268,"lon":-2.414007},{"lat":43.169037,"lon":-2.4142},{"lat":43.168587,"lon":-2.414216},{"lat":43.167989,"lon":-2.414361},{"lat":43.167101,"lon":-2.415884},{"lat":43.165923,"lon":-2.417236},{"lat":43.165633,"lon":-2.417461},{"lat":43.165289,"lon":-2.417558},{"lat":43.165015,"lon":-2.41788},{"lat":43.164679,"lon":-2.418502}]},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Untzeta_erreka_(eu)\" title=\"Untzeta erreka (eu)\"\u003EUntzeta erreka\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"Untzeta 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Sagar-erreka\n","link":"","strokeColor":"DodgerBlue","strokeOpacity":"1","strokeWeight":"5","pos":[{"lat":43.17816,"lon":-2.420292},{"lat":43.177621,"lon":-2.420388},{"lat":43.177398,"lon":-2.420329},{"lat":43.177018,"lon":-2.420163},{"lat":43.176783,"lon":-2.420195},{"lat":43.176643,"lon":-2.420372},{"lat":43.176494,"lon":-2.420732},{"lat":43.176388,"lon":-2.420801},{"lat":43.176181,"lon":-2.420753},{"lat":43.17595,"lon":-2.420876},{"lat":43.175664,"lon":-2.421332},{"lat":43.175191,"lon":-2.421826},{"lat":43.174643,"lon":-2.422917},{"lat":43.174326,"lon":-2.422813},{"lat":43.173677,"lon":-2.422794},{"lat":43.172808,"lon":-2.422842},{"lat":43.172088,"lon":-2.423362},{"lat":43.172021,"lon":-2.424532},{"lat":43.172127,"lon":-2.425283},{"lat":43.171896,"lon":-2.425991},{"lat":43.171873,"lon":-2.426388},{"lat":43.171548,"lon":-2.426973},{"lat":43.171368,"lon":-2.427058},{"lat":43.170953,"lon":-2.42701}]},{"text":"\u003Cb\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca 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class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E(erreka)\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":"(erreka)\n","link":"","strokeColor":"DodgerBlue","strokeOpacity":"1","strokeWeight":"2","pos":[{"lat":43.179173,"lon":-2.433104},{"lat":43.179141,"lon":-2.433984},{"lat":43.179314,"lon":-2.434563},{"lat":43.179345,"lon":-2.435293},{"lat":43.179251,"lon":-2.435572},{"lat":43.179251,"lon":-2.436366},{"lat":43.179298,"lon":-2.436623},{"lat":43.179157,"lon":-2.437353}]},{"text":"\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-parser-output\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Ibarzabal_erreka_(eu)\" title=\"Ibarzabal erreka (eu)\"\u003E Ibarzabal erreka\u003C/a\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E","title":" Ibarzabal 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Deba ibaia Soraluzen

Deba ibaiak Soraluzeko udalerria zeharkatzen du; hegoaldetik (Osintxu, Bergara) sartzen da udalerrira, eta iparraldetik (Maltzaga, Eibar-Elgoibar) irtetzen.

Soraluzeko tarteak 5 kilometro pasatxo ditu, eta horietan 35 bat metro jaisten da (110 metrotatik 75 metrotara). Soraluzeko tartea oso laua da (%0,7 vs. %2,1 aldapa orokorra). Hala ere, 35 metrotako altura alde hori nahikoa izan zen hainbat presa eraikitzeko: Alberdi, Ibaizabal, Olabarrena…

Ibaia nahikoa nasaia da, 20-25 metrotako zabalera du leku gehienetan (inoiz 15 metro edo 30 metrotakoa ere).

Orografia

Deba ibaia Soraluze udalerriko ardatz orografikoa da, eta honek ematen dio bailarari duen itxura eta forma.

Ibaia hegoaldetik iparraldera doa, bi mendilerroen artean: eskuman 800 metrotako altura duen Kortazar-Irukurutzeta mendi lerroa eta ezkerrean, berriz, Krabelinaitz-Topinburu mendigunea daukagu, 600 metro inguruko altuerarekin. Bi mendiguneak nahiko gertu direnez, eta ibaia 100 bat metrotako altura daukanez, bailara sakona eta estua da, eta aldapak oso malkartsuak.

Bergara-Mekolakde-Osintxu tartean Deba bailara nahikoa zuzena da, eta bailara ere nahikoa zabala. Osintxutik aurrera, berriz, bailara ixten eta bihurtzen da (Mugarri eta Irukurutzetako bihurguneak). Eta iparraldean Kortazar-Irukurutzeta mendi lerroa topatzen duenez, hortik aurrera ipar-mendebalde norabidea hartzen du, bailara luze eta estua zertxobait zabaltzen dela. Hor sortu zen Soraluze, eta hortik izena (Soraluze = soro + luzea). Sagar-erreka adarra biltzen den lekutik aurrera bailara estutzen da atzera, Maltzagara heldu arte.

Hidrografia

Udalerriko ardatza izateaz gain, Deba ibaia herriko hidrografiaren ardatza da.

Adar nagusia Sagar-erreka da, ezkerreko adarra hain zuzen. Honetaz gain, Lisiba/ Ozuma/ Orroaga erreka ere aipa daiteke, udalerriko adar luzeena delako.

Gainontzekoak bigarren mailakoak dira. Sagar-erreka alde batera utzita, Deba ibaiaren adar hauek malkartsuak, sakonak eta meharrak dira.

Ibiak

Udalerriko ibi garrantzitsuena Ibaizabal da, gaur egun zubi nagusia dagoen ingurua, hain zuzen. Bertan, ibaia zabalagoa denez, sakonera txikiagoa dauka eta, beraz, zeharkatzeko errezagoa da. Bergara aldetik zetorren bidea puntu horretaraino heltzen zen eta, Maltzagarainoko rarrea malkarra eta estua zenez oso, hirutan banatzen zen. Eibarrerako adarra Deba ibaiaren ezkerretik segitzen zen, Irureraino igo eta Azitainera jeisten zen; bide nagusia, itsasertzera zihoana, Ibaizabal ibitik eskumako aldera pasa eta aurrera egiten zuen, San Rokeraino igo eta handik Elgoibarrera jeisten; bazegoen beste bide bat San Andresetik eta Pagobedeinkatutik Azkoitiraino joaten zena.

Bigarren ibia, askoz gutxiagotan erabilia, xxx da. Mugarri eta Irukurutzeta errebuelta artean dagoena.

Azkenik, beste bi ibi urbano ere izan dira, harpasuak. Oinez erabiltzekoak ziren, bata Gabolatseko Altun erreka eta Baltegietako Malmero errota biltzen zituen, eta bigarrena Santa Ana komentu ostetik Atxurira joaten zen.

Ustiapena

Deba ibaiak garrantzi izugarria izan du mendeetan zehar Soraluzeko herritarrentzat, 60. hamarkadan guztiz kutsatu zen arte. Gaur egun, herriko paisaiaren erdigune izaten jarraitzen du, baina ezer gutxiago.

Indarra

Ibaiaren ustiapen jarduera nagusia, bertatik energia eskuratzea izan zen, olek eta errotek beharrezkoa zuten mugimendua eta indarra lortu ahal izateko batipat. Metalaren lanketa izan da mendeetan zehar herriaren sostengu nagusia eta hau ibaiak eta honen ibaia adarrek ahalbidetu dute, seguru aski, Soraluzeko herria ez zen sortuko inoiz dagoen tokian, ibaia eta bere arroa diren modukoak izango ez balira. Era berean, jarduera industrial honek, tamalez, ibaiaren beraren suntsiketa ekarri zuen.

Ola, presa edo errotarenbaten argazki zaharra

Arrantza

Ibaia kutsatu aurretik bizitzaz beteta zegoen, arrantza eta janaria ematen zien familiei. Bestalde, aisiaren erdigunea ere bazen; bai jolasteko eta baita udako egun beroetan bertan freskatu eta igeri egiteko. Umeak ibaian jolasean argazkia

Kirola

Igaritan Bollain Estropadak (Iñaki Lete, 1956, 1963, 1967, azken urtetako piraguak)

Kutsadura

Ibaiaren gaur egungo irudia, itxura pobrea

Ala ere, 2000. urtetik aurrera Ibairen kutsadura maila asko jaitsi da eta gaur egun animalia ugari ikus daitezke bere uretan. Garrantzizkoa da aurretik egin diren akatsak ez errepikatzea eta gaizki egin diren ekintzetatik ikastea, ibaia etorkizun batean berriro herriko bizitzaren erdigune bilakatu dadin.

Bestelakoak

Ibaizabal, hondartzak, igeritan egitekoak