Sartu hemen mapa hori: Nouvelle Carte de Biscaye avec les grans chemins (Pieter van der AA 1707)
Regnorum Hispaniae et Portugalliae. Soraluze ingurua (Pieter van der Aa 1707)
XVIII mende bukaeran Maltzagako lotunea zabaldu arte, Soraluze zen ingurutako komunikabide gune garrantzitsuena.
Bi ardatz elkartzen ziren bertan. Garrantzitsuena, hego-ipar ardatza, Deba arroaren bidez Gasteiz itsasoarekin lotzen zuena. Bigarren ardatza mendebalde-ekialdekoa zen; aurrekoak baino garraio gutxiago zuen, distantzia luzeetan (Bilbao-Donostia, esateko) itsasotik azkarrago zelako.
Eta sare honek herriko hainbat erabaki baldintzatu zituen: herria non egin (bidegurutzean, Deba ibaiaren ibiaren ondoan), ermitak non jaso (bide bazterrean), dorretxeak non eraiki (bidesariak kobratzeko toki errezenean)… Eraikin asko, gaur egun mendian sakabanatuta agertze bazaizkigu ere, garai betean denak erregebide ertzetan egin zituzten.
Mapa kargatzen...
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Ardatz honek Arabako lautada itsasertzearekin lotzen zuen. Deba ibaiaren albotik zetorren, baina Deba arroaren estuasunek trazadura baldintzaten zuten. Horregatik, Debai ibaiaren ezkerraldetik eskumaldera (eta alderantziz) pasatzen zen, tokiko ertzak eta ibien kokapenak kontutan hartuta.
Honetaz gain, Deba arroak bi estuasun nabarmen ditu, gaur egun ere. Bata Maltzagakoa, eta Mendaro eta Deba artekoa bestea.
Lehena saihesteko, Soraluzetik hasita mendi magaletik egiten zuten gora errege bideek, maltzagako amildegiak baino altuagotik, gero Elgoibar eta Azitainera jaisteko.
Mendaro eta Deba arteko labarrak saihesteko, bide onena ibaia bera zen. Altzolan ibai portua antolatu zuten, eta handik behera alek garraiatzen zuten merkantzia guztia: aukera errazagoa eta merkeagoa zen.
XX mende arte erromatarrak Euskal Herrian ez ziren egon, bakarrik ‘’ager vasconum’’[1] delakoan eta ez ‘’saltus vascomun’’[2]) lurretan.
Baina XX mendean gero eta erromatarren aztarna gehiago hasi ziren agertzen Bizkaia eta Gipuzkoan. Eta gaur egun uste da erromatarrak hainbat puntu garrantzi izan zutela ‘’saltus vasconum’’ delakoan.
Erromatarren garaian, jakin badakigu Veleia zela, Kortazarreko Haitzetan erromatar kanpamentua izan zela inguruak zelatatzeko, eta Deba ibaiaren azkenean Tritium Tiboricum herria zegoela[5], gaur egun Astigarribiarekin lotzen dela.
Bide hau Deba ibaia korritzen zuena zen, Veleiatik Tritium Tiboricum-era zihoan galtzada. Ibaiaren paraleloan zetorren, baina orografiaren eta ibien arabera ezkerretik edo eskumatik egiten zuen aurrera. Bergara ingurutik lau lau zetorren, Deba ibaiaren eskumatik, eta Osintxun ezkerrera pasatzen zen. Gaur eguneko Soraluzera heltzerakoan ibaia berriro zeharkatzen zuen Ibaizabalko ibitik (gerora Soraluze bilakatuko zen tokian bertan) eta, Deba ibaiaren eskumaldetik, aldapa gora hasten zen Maltzagako sakonera albo batean utziz, gero Elgoibar aldera jeisteko.
Zergak kobratzeko ere Soraluzeko bi etxezahar agertzen dira, biak ala biak kostarako erregebidea harkaitz baten kontra estutzen dutena: Arregia dorrea eta Atxuriko etxea. Zertarako? Zergak kobratzeko.
Alzolaraino, hemendik aurrera aletan Debaraino. Alzolan aduana etxea ere badago gaur egun.
Ezoziko santutegia, Espilla eta Armendia.
Santa Kruz ermita, kostarako bidean.
Eta Madalena ermita ere, Erlaibian egitekoa zen, bide ertzean.
Eibartik Azitainera,hemen zubia eta dorretxea eta mendian gora Irureraino . Iruretik poliki poliki Iraola eta Zabaletik Sagar-errekara. Igarateraino jaitsi eta Deba ibaiaren eskumaldetik Ibaizabal ibiraino.
¿San Martzial? Agian bertatik pasatzen zen Eibarrerako bide zaharra. Duda handiak baina.
XII mendean Irure bideertzean egiten dute, eta urte batzuk geroago familia berekoak Unzueta jauregia Azitainen. Zertarako, eta bidea zaintzeko, bidaiariak babesteko eta… zergak kobratzeko.
Bilbotik zetozenak Iruretik etortzen ziren, eta gero Azpeitia, Zestoa eta aurrera.
Elorriorako bidea, Sagar-errekatik barrena, oso erabilia, eta inguruan hainbat ola zahar izan zituen (materialak eta armak garraiatzeko ezinbestekoa zen bidea eta).
Javier Elorzak esaten duenez, merkeago zen eskaleak Bergarara esportatzea, Eibarra edo Elgoibarra baino, bide laua zelako lehena eta aldapatsuak beste biak.
